Species Assessment Summary and Watch List

Major habitats of North America. — Map of major habitats of North America.

This table summarizes our assessment of the 1,154 native species in Canada, the U.S., and Mexico. It lists the conservation concern score for every species (see Methods for a description of the score). We also list the primary breeding habitat and the primary region in which migratory species spend the northern winter. Nonmigratory species are listed as Resident. Species with “(Wet)” after the habitat category are found in wetland habitats embedded within that habitat type.

The Watch List includes 432 species with concern scores of 14 or higher, or with a concern score of 13 and a steeply declining population trend—these are the species most at risk of extinction without significant conservation actions to reverse declines and reduce threats. Download the complete species assessment table (Excel file), including vulnerability scores and additional habitat information for each species.

Terms in the Breeding Habitat column correspond with the map of major habitats at right. Temperate Forests include Eastern and Western Temperate Forest; Tropical Highland Forests include Tropical Cloud Forest, Mexican Pine-Oak, and Mexican Highland Forests; Tropical Lowland Forests include Tropical Dry Forest and Tropical Evergreen Forest. Species occurring in three or more major habitats are considered Generalists.

English Name	Scientific Name	Breeding Habitat	Winter Region	Concern Score	Watch List
Abert’s Towhee	Melozone aberti	Aridlands	Resident	12
Acadian Flycatcher	Empidonax virescens	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	12
Acorn Woodpecker	Melanerpes formicivorus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	9
Agami Heron	Agamia agami	Trop. Evgrn Forest (Wet)	Resident	12
Alder Flycatcher	Empidonax alnorum	Boreal Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	9
Aleutian Tern	Onychoprion aleuticus	Coasts	Paleotropics	15	Y
Allen’s Hummingbird	Selasphorus sasin	Aridlands	Mx. Highlands	16	Y
Altamira Oriole	Icterus gularis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Altamira Yellowthroat	Geothlypis flavovelata	Wetlands	Resident	20	Y
Amazon Kingfisher	Chloroceryle amazona	Wetlands	Resident	11
American Avocet	Recurvirostra americana	Wetlands	Widespread	12
American Bittern	Botaurus lentiginosus	Wetlands	US/Canada	12
American Black Duck	Anas rubripes	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	13	Y
American Coot	Fulica americana	Wetlands	Widespread	11
American Crow	Corvus brachyrhynchos	Generalist	Resident	6
American Dipper	Cinclus mexicanus	W. Temp. Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	10
American Flamingo	Phoenicopterus ruber	Mangroves	Resident	13
American Golden-Plover	Pluvialis dominica	Tundra (Wet)	Southern Cone	13
American Goldfinch	Spinus tristis	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	6
American Kestrel	Falco sparverius	Generalist	Widespread	11
American Oystercatcher	Haematopus palliatus	Coasts	Widespread coastal	15	Y
American Pipit	Anthus rubescens	Tundra	US/Canada	8
American Pygmy Kingfisher	Chloroceryle aenea	Trop. Evgrn Forest (Wet)	Resident	11
American Redstart	Setophaga ruticilla	E. Temp. Forest	Widespread	11
American Robin	Turdus migratorius	Forest Generalist	US/Canada	5
American Three-toed Woodpecker	Picoides dorsalis	Boreal Forest	Resident	10
American Tree Sparrow	Spizelloides arborea	Tundra	US/Canada	10
American White Pelican	Pelecanus erythrorhynchos	Wetlands	Widespread	11
American Wigeon	Anas americana	Wetlands	US/Canada	9
American Woodcock	Scolopax minor	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	13	Y
Amethyst-throated Hummingbird	Lampornis amethystinus	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	16	Y
Ancient Murrelet	Synthliboramphus antiquus	Coasts	Pacific Coast	14	Y
Anhinga	Anhinga anhinga	E. Temp. Forest (Wet)	Widespread	11
Anna’s Hummingbird	Calypte anna	Aridlands	Resident	8
Antillean Nighthawk	Chordeiles gundlachii	Generalist	Unknown	12
Aplomado Falcon	Falco femoralis	Grasslands	Resident	13
Arctic Loon	Gavia arctica	Tundra (Wet)	Eurasia	10
Arctic Tern	Sterna paradisaea	Tundra (Wet)	Southern Cone	11
Arctic Warbler	Phylloscopus borealis	Tundra	Paleotropics	8
Arizona Woodpecker	Picoides arizonae	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
Ash-throated Flycatcher	Myiarchus cinerascens	Aridlands	Pacific Lowlands	8
Ashy Storm-Petrel	Oceanodroma homochroa	Coasts	Pacific Coast	17	Y
Atlantic Puffin	Fratercula arctica	Coasts	US/Canada	8
Audubon’s Oriole	Icterus graduacauda	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Audubon’s Shearwater	Puffinus lherminieri	Oceans	Atlantic Ocean	14	Y
Aztec Rail	Rallus tenuirostris	Wetlands	Resident	18	Y
Aztec Thrush	Ridgwayia pinicola	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	15	Y
Azure-crowned Hummingbird	Amazilia cyanocephala	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	12
Azure-hooded Jay	Cyanolyca cucullata	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	18	Y
Azure-rumped Tanager	Tangara cabanisi	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	20	Y
Bachman’s Sparrow	Peucaea aestivalis	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	16	Y
Bachman’s Warbler	Vermivora bachmanii	E. Temp. Forest	Caribbean	18	Y
Baird’s Sandpiper	Calidris bairdii	Tundra (Wet)	Southern Cone	12
Baird’s Sparrow	Ammodramus bairdii	Grasslands	Chih. Grassland	15	Y
Bald Eagle	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	Wetlands	Widespread	9
Balsas Screech-Owl	Megascops seductus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Baltimore Oriole	Icterus galbula	E. Temp. Forest	Widespread	10
Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	8
Band-backed Wren	Campylorhynchus zonatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Band-rumped Storm-Petrel	Oceanodroma castro	Oceans	Widespread oceans	17	Y
Band-tailed Pigeon	Patagioenas fasciata	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	13	Y
Banded Quail	Philortyx fasciatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Banded Wren	Thryophilus pleurostictus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Bank Swallow	Riparia riparia	Generalist	S. Am. Lowlands	11
Bar-tailed Godwit	Limosa lapponica	Tundra (Wet)	Paleotropics	12
Bar-winged Oriole	Icterus maculialatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Bare-throated Tiger-Heron	Tigrisoma mexicanum	Wetlands	Resident	12
Barn Owl	Tyto alba	Generalist	Resident	9
Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	Generalist	S. Am. Lowlands	8
Barred Antshrike	Thamnophilus doliatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	7
Barred Forest-Falcon	Micrastur ruficollis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13	Y
Barred Owl	Strix varia	Forest Generalist	Resident	7
Barred Parakeet	Bolborhynchus lineola	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Barrow’s Goldeneye	Bucephala islandica	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	11
Bat Falcon	Falco rufigularis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Bay-breasted Warbler	Setophaga castanea	Boreal Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	10
Bearded Screech-Owl	Megascops barbarus	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	20	Y
Bearded Wood-Partridge	Dendrortyx barbatus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	20	Y
Beautiful Hummingbird	Calothorax pulcher	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Belding’s Yellowthroat	Geothlypis beldingi	Wetlands	Resident	20	Y
Bell’s Sparrow	Artemisiospiza belli	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	13
Bell’s Vireo	Vireo bellii	Aridlands	Pacific Lowlands	12
Belted Flycatcher	Xenotriccus callizonus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	20	Y
Belted Kingfisher	Megaceryle alcyon	Wetlands	Widespread	10
Bendire’s Thrasher	Toxostoma bendirei	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	16	Y
Bermuda Petrel	Pterodroma cahow	Oceans	Atlantic Ocean	18	Y
Berylline Hummingbird	Amazilia beryllina	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	11
Bewick’s Wren	Thryomanes bewickii	Aridlands	Resident	11
Bicknell’s Thrush	Catharus bicknelli	Boreal Forest	Caribbean	17	Y
Bicolored Hawk	Accipiter bicolor	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Black Catbird	Melanoptila glabrirostris	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Black Guillemot	Cepphus grylle	Coasts	US/Canada	11
Black Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus tyrannus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Black Oystercatcher	Haematopus bachmani	Coasts	Pacific Coast	15	Y
Black Phoebe	Sayornis nigricans	Wetlands	US/Canada	8
Black Rail	Laterallus jamaicensis	Coasts	Widespread coastal	17	Y
Black Rosy-Finch	Leucosticte atrata	Tundra	US/Canada	17	Y
Black Scoter	Melanitta americana	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	13	Y
Black Skimmer	Rynchops niger	Coasts	Widespread coastal	13
Black Storm-Petrel	Oceanodroma melania	Coasts	Pacific Ocean	17	Y
Black Swift	Cypseloides niger	W. Temp. Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	15	Y
Black Tern	Chlidonias niger	Wetlands	Pacific Ocean	11
Black Thrush	Turdus infuscatus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Black Turnstone	Arenaria melanocephala	Coasts	US/Canada	13
Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus	Generalist	Widespread	5
Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus melanoleucus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Black-and-white Owl	Ciccaba nigrolineata	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Black-and-white Warbler	Mniotilta varia	E. Temp. Forest	Widespread	11
Black-backed Oriole	Icterus abeillei	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	14	Y
Black-backed Woodpecker	Picoides arcticus	Boreal Forest	Resident	8
Black-banded Woodcreeper	Dendrocolaptes picumnus	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	14	Y
Black-bellied Plover	Pluvialis squatarola	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread coastal	11
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna autumnalis	Wetlands	Widespread	8
Black-billed Cuckoo	Coccyzus erythropthalmus	Boreal Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	13	Y
Black-billed Magpie	Pica hudsonia	Generalist	Resident	9
Black-capped Chickadee	Poecile atricapillus	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	7
Black-capped Gnatcatcher	Polioptila nigriceps	Aridlands	Resident	15	Y
Black-capped Petrel	Pterodroma hasitata	Oceans	Atlantic Ocean	20	Y
Black-capped Siskin	Spinus atriceps	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Black-capped Swallow	Notiochelidon pileata	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	15	Y
Black-capped Vireo	Vireo atricapilla	Aridlands	Pacific Lowlands	17	Y
Black-cheeked Woodpecker	Melanerpes pucherani	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Black-chested Sparrow	Peucaea humeralis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Black-chinned Hummingbird	Archilochus alexandri	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	10
Black-chinned Sparrow	Spizella atrogularis	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	15	Y
Black-collared Hawk	Busarellus nigricollis	Wetlands	Resident	13
Black-cowled Oriole	Icterus prosthemelas	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Black-crested Coquette	Lophornis helenae	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Black-crested Titmouse	Baeolophus atricristatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	10
Black-crowned Night-Heron	Nycticorax nycticorax	Wetlands	Widespread	10
Black-crowned Tityra	Tityra inquisitor	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Black-faced Antthrush	Formicarius analis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Black-faced Grosbeak	Caryothraustes poliogaster	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Black-footed Albatross	Phoebastria nigripes	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	15	Y
Black-headed Grosbeak	Pheucticus melanocephalus	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	9
Black-headed Gull	Chroicocephalus ridibundus	Coasts	US/Canada	9
Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush	Catharus mexicanus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Black-headed Saltator	Saltator atriceps	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Black-headed Siskin	Spinus notatus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
Black-headed Trogon	Trogon melanocephalus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Black-legged Kittiwake	Rissa tridactyla	Coasts	US/Canada	8
Black-necked Stilt	Himantopus mexicanus	Wetlands	Widespread	8
Black-polled Yellowthroat	Geothlypis speciosa	Wetlands	Resident	20	Y
Black-tailed Gnatcatcher	Polioptila melanura	Aridlands	Resident	11
Black-throated Blue Warbler	Setophaga caerulescens	Boreal Forest	Caribbean	9
Black-throated Bobwhite	Colinus nigrogularis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Black-throated Gray Warbler	Setophaga nigrescens	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	13
Black-throated Green Warbler	Setophaga virens	Boreal Forest	C./S. Am. Highlands	9
Black-throated Jay	Cyanolyca pumilo	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	19	Y
Black-throated Magpie-Jay	Calocitta colliei	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	13
Black-throated Shrike-Tanager	Lanio aurantius	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	18	Y
Black-throated Sparrow	Amphispiza bilineata	Aridlands	Resident	9
Black-vented Oriole	Icterus wagleri	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Black-vented Shearwater	Puffinus opisthomelas	Coasts	Pacific Coast	16	Y
Black-whiskered Vireo	Vireo altiloquus	Mangroves	S. Am. Lowlands	12
Blackburnian Warbler	Setophaga fusca	Boreal Forest	C./S. Am. Highlands	9
Blackpoll Warbler	Setophaga striata	Boreal Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	11
Blue Bunting	Cyanocompsa parellina	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Blue Grosbeak	Passerina caerulea	E. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	8
Blue Ground-Dove	Claravis pretiosa	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Blue Jay	Cyanocitta cristata	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	8
Blue Mockingbird	Melanotis caerulescens	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	12
Blue Seedeater	Amaurospiza concolor	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Blue-and-white Mockingbird	Melanotis hypoleucus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Blue-black Grassquit	Volatinia jacarina	Generalist	Resident	4
Blue-black Grosbeak	Cyanocompsa cyanoides	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Blue-capped Hummingbird	Eupherusa cyanophrys	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	18	Y
Blue-crowned Chlorophonia	Chlorophonia occipitalis	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Blue-crowned Motmot	Momotus momota	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	8
Blue-footed Booby	Sula nebouxii	Coasts	Pacific Ocean	15	Y
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher	Polioptila caerulea	Generalist	Widespread	7
Blue-gray Tanager	Thraupis episcopus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	7
Blue-headed Vireo	Vireo solitarius	Boreal Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	7
Blue-tailed Hummingbird	Amazilia cyanura	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Blue-throated Goldentail	Hylocharis eliciae	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Blue-throated Hummingbird	Lampornis clemenciae	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	12
Blue-throated Motmot	Aspatha gularis	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	18	Y
Blue-winged Teal	Anas discors	Wetlands	Widespread	8
Blue-winged Warbler	Vermivora cyanoptera	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	13
Bluethroat	Luscinia svecica	Tundra	Paleotropics	10
Boat-billed Flycatcher	Megarynchus pitangua	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	7
Boat-billed Heron	Cochlearius cochlearius	Wetlands	Resident	10
Boat-tailed Grackle	Quiscalus major	Coasts	Resident	12
Bobolink	Dolichonyx oryzivorus	Grasslands	S. Am. Lowlands	14	Y
Bohemian Waxwing	Bombycilla garrulus	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	9
Bonaparte’s Gull	Chroicocephalus philadelphia	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	11
Boreal Chickadee	Poecile hudsonicus	Boreal Forest	Resident	7
Boreal Owl	Aegolius funereus	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	10
Botteri’s Sparrow	Peucaea botterii	Aridlands	Chih. Grassland	13
Boucard’s Wren	Campylorhynchus jocosus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	16	Y
Brandt’s Cormorant	Phalacrocorax penicillatus	Coasts	Pacific Coast	14	Y
Brant	Branta bernicla	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	12
Brewer’s Blackbird	Euphagus cyanocephalus	Generalist	US/Canada	10
Brewer’s Sparrow	Spizella breweri	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	11
Bridled Sparrow	Peucaea mystacalis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Bridled Tern	Onychoprion anaethetus	Oceans	Widespread oceans	13
Bridled Titmouse	Baeolophus wollweberi	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	12
Bright-rumped Attila	Attila spadiceus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	11
Bristle-thighed Curlew	Numenius tahitiensis	Tundra (Wet)	Paleotropics	17	Y
Broad-billed Hummingbird	Cynanthus latirostris	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	10
Broad-tailed Hummingbird	Selasphorus platycercus	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	12
Broad-winged Hawk	Buteo platypterus	Boreal Forest	Widespread	8
Bronzed Cowbird	Molothrus aeneus	Trop. Dry Forest	Pacific Lowlands	6
Brown Booby	Sula leucogaster	Coasts	Widespread coastal	12
Brown Creeper	Certhia americana	Forest Generalist	US/Canada	8
Brown Jay	Psilorhinus morio	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Brown Noddy	Anous stolidus	Coasts	Widespread oceans	11
Brown Pelican	Pelecanus occidentalis	Coasts	Widespread coastal	10
Brown Thrasher	Toxostoma rufum	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	11
Brown-backed Solitaire	Myadestes occidentalis	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	13
Brown-capped Rosy-Finch	Leucosticte australis	Tundra	US/Canada	18	Y
Brown-capped Vireo	Vireo leucophrys	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	15	Y
Brown-crested Flycatcher	Myiarchus tyrannulus	Aridlands	Pacific Lowlands	8
Brown-headed Cowbird	Molothrus ater	Generalist	US/Canada	7
Brown-headed Nuthatch	Sitta pusilla	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	13
Brown-hooded Parrot	Pyrilia haematotis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Buff-bellied Hummingbird	Amazilia yucatanensis	Trop. Dry Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowland	11
Buff-breasted Flycatcher	Empidonax fulvifrons	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	12
Buff-breasted Sandpiper	Calidris subruficollis	Tundra (Wet)	S. Am. Lowlands	15	Y
Buff-collared Nightjar	Antrostomus ridgwayi	Trop. Dry Forest	Pacific Lowlands	12
Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner	Automolus ochrolaemus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Buff-throated Saltator	Saltator maximus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Bufflehead	Bucephala albeola	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	8
Buffy-crowned Wood-Partridge	Dendrortyx leucophrys	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	19	Y
Buller’s Shearwater	Puffinus bulleri	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	15	Y
Bullock’s Oriole	Icterus bullockii	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	11
Bumblebee Hummingbird	Atthis heloisa	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
Burrowing Owl	Athene cunicularia	Grasslands	Widespread	12
Bushtit	Psaltriparus minimus	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	11
Cackling Goose	Branta hutchinsii	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	11
Cactus Wren	Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus	Aridlands	Resident	12
California Condor	Gymnogyps californianus	Aridlands	Resident	20	Y
California Gnatcatcher	Polioptila californica	Aridlands	Resident	14	Y
California Gull	Larus californicus	Coasts	US/Canada	11
California Quail	Callipepla californica	Aridlands	Resident	8
California Thrasher	Toxostoma redivivum	Aridlands	Resident	16	Y
California Towhee	Melozone crissalis	Aridlands	Resident	10
Calliope Hummingbird	Selasphorus calliope	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	12
Canada Goose	Branta canadensis	Wetlands	US/Canada	6
Canada Warbler	Cardellina canadensis	Boreal Forest	C./S. Am. Highlands	14	Y
Canivet’s Emerald	Chlorostilbon canivetii	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Canvasback	Aythya valisineria	Wetlands	US/Canada	11
Canyon Towhee	Melozone fusca	Aridlands	Resident	9
Canyon Wren	Catherpes mexicanus	Aridlands	Resident	9
Cape May Warbler	Setophaga tigrina	Boreal Forest	Caribbean	13	Y
Caribbean Dove	Leptotila jamaicensis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Caribbean Elaenia	Elaenia martinica	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Carolina Chickadee	Poecile carolinensis	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	9
Carolina Wren	Thryothorus ludovicianus	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	7
Caspian Tern	Hydroprogne caspia	Coasts	Widespread coastal	10
Cassin’s Auklet	Ptychoramphus aleuticus	Coasts	Pacific Coast	11
Cassin’s Finch	Haemorhous cassinii	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	13	Y
Cassin’s Kingbird	Tyrannus vociferans	Mx. Pine-Oak	Mx. Highlands	9
Cassin’s Sparrow	Peucaea cassinii	Grasslands	Chih. Grassland	11
Cassin’s Vireo	Vireo cassinii	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	10
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	Wetlands	Widespread	7
Cave Swallow	Petrochelidon fulva	Aridlands	Pacific Lowlands	9
Cedar Waxwing	Bombycilla cedrorum	Forest Generalist	US/Canada	6
Central American Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium griseiceps	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	17	Y
Cerulean Warbler	Setophaga cerulea	E. Temp. Forest	C./S. Am. Highlands	15	Y
Chestnut-backed Chickadee	Poecile rufescens	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	12
Chestnut-capped Brush-Finch	Arremon brunneinucha	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	14	Y
Chestnut-collared Longspur	Calcarius ornatus	Grasslands	Chih. Grassland	15	Y
Chestnut-collared Swift	Streptoprocne rutila	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	11
Chestnut-colored Woodpecker	Celeus castaneus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	17	Y
Chestnut-headed Oropendola	Psarocolius wagleri	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Chestnut-sided Shrike-Vireo	Vireolanius melitophrys	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	17	Y
Chestnut-sided Warbler	Setophaga pensylvanica	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	12
Chihuahuan Raven	Corvus cryptoleucus	Aridlands	Resident	9
Chimney Swift	Chaetura pelagica	E. Temp. Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	12
Chipping Sparrow	Spizella passerina	Forest Generalist	US/Canada	8
Chuck-will’s-widow	Antrostomus carolinensis	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	12
Cinnamon Becard	Pachyramphus cinnamomeus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Cinnamon Hummingbird	Amazilia rutila	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	10
Cinnamon Teal	Anas cyanoptera	Wetlands	Widespread	10
Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercer	Diglossa baritula	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	12
Cinnamon-tailed Sparrow	Peucaea sumichrasti	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	18	Y
Citreoline Trogon	Trogon citreolus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Clapper Rail	Rallus crepitans	Coasts	Resident	13
Clarion Wren	Troglodytes tanneri	Aridlands	Resident	16	Y
Clark’s Grebe	Aechmophorus clarkii	Wetlands	SW Aridlands	13
Clark’s Nutcracker	Nucifraga columbiana	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	11
Clay-colored Sparrow	Spizella pallida	Grasslands	Chih. Grassland	10
Clay-colored Thrush	Turdus grayi	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	8
Cliff Swallow	Petrochelidon pyrrhonota	Generalist	S. Am. Lowlands	7
Colima Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium palmarum	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Colima Warbler	Oreothlypis crissalis	Mx. Pine-Oak	Mx. Highlands	16	Y
Collared Aracari	Pteroglossus torquatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Collared Forest-Falcon	Micrastur semitorquatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Collared Plover	Charadrius collaris	Wetlands	Resident	12
Collared Towhee	Pipilo ocai	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
Collared Trogon	Trogon collaris	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Common Black Hawk	Buteogallus anthracinus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Common Chlorospingus	Chlorospingus flavopectus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	12
Common Eider	Somateria mollissima	Coasts	US/Canada	14	Y
Common Gallinule	Gallinula galeata	Wetlands	Widespread	9
Common Goldeneye	Bucephala clangula	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	9
Common Grackle	Quiscalus quiscula	Generalist	US/Canada	9
Common Ground-Dove	Columbina passerina	Aridlands	Resident	9
Common Loon	Gavia immer	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	11
Common Merganser	Mergus merganser	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	7
Common Murre	Uria aalge	Coasts	US/Canada	10
Common Nighthawk	Chordeiles minor	Generalist	S. Am. Lowlands	11
Common Pauraque	Nyctidromus albicollis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	7
Common Poorwill	Phalaenoptilus nuttallii	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	10
Common Raven	Corvus corax	Generalist	Resident	6
Common Redpoll	Acanthis flammea	Tundra	US/Canada	7
Common Ringed Plover	Charadrius hiaticula	Tundra (Wet)	Paleotropics	10
Common Tern	Sterna hirundo	Coasts	Widespread coastal	12
Common Tody-Flycatcher	Todirostrum cinereum	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	7
Common Yellowthroat	Geothlypis trichas	Generalist	Widespread	9
Connecticut Warbler	Oporornis agilis	Boreal Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	13	Y
Cooper’s Hawk	Accipiter cooperii	Forest Generalist	Widespread	7
Cordilleran Flycatcher	Empidonax occidentalis	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	11
Cory’s Shearwater	Calonectris diomedea	Oceans	Atlantic Ocean	14	Y
Costa’s Hummingbird	Calypte costae	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	13
Couch’s Kingbird	Tyrannus couchii	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Cozumel Emerald	Chlorostilbon forficatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Cozumel Thrasher	Toxostoma guttatum	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	20	Y
Cozumel Vireo	Vireo bairdi	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Crane Hawk	Geranospiza caerulescens	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Craveri’s Murrelet	Synthliboramphus craveri	Coasts	Pacific Coast	17	Y
Crescent-chested Warbler	Oreothlypis superciliosa	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	13
Crested Auklet	Aethia cristatella	Coasts	Pacific Coast	11
Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway	Aridlands	Resident	8
Crested Eagle	Morphnus guianensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Crested Guan	Penelope purpurascens	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Crested Owl	Lophostrix cristata	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Crimson-collared Grosbeak	Rhodothraupis celaeno	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Crimson-collared Tanager	Ramphocelus sanguinolentus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Crissal Thrasher	Toxostoma crissale	Aridlands	Resident	12
Curve-billed Thrasher	Toxostoma curvirostre	Aridlands	Resident	9
Dark-eyed Junco	Junco hyemalis	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	8
Dickcissel	Spiza americana	Grasslands	S. Am. Lowlands	11
Dot-winged Antwren	Microrhopias quixensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Double-crested Cormorant	Phalacrocorax auritus	Wetlands	Widespread	8
Double-striped Thick-knee	Burhinus bistriatus	Grasslands	Resident	10
Double-toothed Kite	Harpagus bidentatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Dovekie	Alle alle	Coasts	US/Canada	11
Downy Woodpecker	Picoides pubescens	Forest Generalist	Resident	7
Dunlin	Calidris alpina	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread	11
Dusky Antbird	Cercomacra tyrannina	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Dusky Flycatcher	Empidonax oberholseri	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	11
Dusky Grouse	Dendragapus obscurus	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	11
Dusky Hummingbird	Cynanthus sordidus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Dusky-capped Flycatcher	Myiarchus tuberculifer	Mx. Pine-Oak	Pacific Lowlands	9
Dwarf Jay	Cyanolyca nana	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	19	Y
Dwarf Vireo	Vireo nelsoni	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Eared Grebe	Podiceps nigricollis	Wetlands	Widespread	9
Eared Poorwill	Nyctiphrynus mcleodii	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	15	Y
Eared Quetzal	Euptilotis neoxenus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	17	Y
Eastern Bluebird	Sialia sialis	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	7
Eastern Kingbird	Tyrannus tyrannus	Grasslands	S. Am. Lowlands	11
Eastern Meadowlark	Sturnella magna	Grasslands	US/Canada	11
Eastern Phoebe	Sayornis phoebe	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	8
Eastern Screech-Owl	Megascops asio	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	10
Eastern Towhee	Pipilo erythrophthalmus	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	11
Eastern Whip-poor-will	Antrostomus vociferus	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	14	Y
Eastern Wood-Pewee	Contopus virens	E. Temp. Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	10
Eastern Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla tschutschensis	Tundra	Paleotropics	9
Elegant Euphonia	Euphonia elegantissima	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
Elegant Quail	Callipepla douglasii	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Elegant Tern	Thalasseus elegans	Coasts	Pacific Coast	16	Y
Elegant Trogon	Trogon elegans	Trop. Dry Forest	Pacific Lowlands	14	Y
Elf Owl	Micrathene whitneyi	Aridlands	Pacific Lowlands	13
Emerald Toucanet	Aulacorhynchus prasinus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	15	Y
Emerald-chinned Hummingbird	Abeillia abeillei	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Emperor Goose	Chen canagica	Coasts	Pacific Coast	14	Y
Eskimo Curlew	Numenius borealis	Tundra (Wet)	Southern Cone	18	Y
Evening Grosbeak	Coccothraustes vespertinus	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	13	Y
Eye-ringed Flatbill	Rhynchocyclus brevirostris	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Fan-tailed Warbler	Basileuterus lachrymosus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Fea’s Petrel	Pterodroma feae	Oceans	Atlantic Ocean	18	Y
Ferruginous Hawk	Buteo regalis	Grasslands	US/Canada	10
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium brasilianum	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	8
Field Sparrow	Spizella pusilla	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	12
Fish Crow	Corvus ossifragus	Generalist	Resident	10
Five-striped Sparrow	Amphispiza quinquestriata	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Flame-colored Tanager	Piranga bidentata	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
Flammulated Flycatcher	Deltarhynchus flammulatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	18	Y
Flammulated Owl	Psiloscops flammeolus	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	15	Y
Flesh-footed Shearwater	Puffinus carneipes	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	15	Y
Florida Scrub-Jay	Aphelocoma coerulescens	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	20	Y
Fork-tailed Flycatcher	Tyrannus savana	Grasslands	Resident	7
Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel	Oceanodroma furcata	Coasts	Pacific Ocean	9
Forster’s Tern	Sterna forsteri	Wetlands	Widespread	11
Fox Sparrow	Passerella iliaca	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	8
Franklin’s Gull	Leucophaeus pipixcan	Wetlands	Pacific Coast	11
Fulvous Owl	Strix fulvescens	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Fulvous Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna bicolor	Wetlands	Widespread	8
Gadwall	Anas strepera	Wetlands	US/Canada	8
Gambel’s Quail	Callipepla gambelii	Aridlands	Resident	9
Garnet-throated Hummingbird	Lamprolaima rhami	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Gartered Trogon	Trogon caligatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Giant Cowbird	Molothrus oryzivorus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Giant Wren	Campylorhynchus chiapensis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	13
Gila Woodpecker	Melanerpes uropygialis	Aridlands	Resident	10
Gilded Flicker	Colaptes chrysoides	Aridlands	Resident	15	Y
Glaucous Gull	Larus hyperboreus	Coasts	US/Canada	10
Glaucous-winged Gull	Larus glaucescens	Coasts	Pacific Coast	11
Glossy Ibis	Plegadis falcinellus	Coasts	Widespread	7
Golden Eagle	Aquila chrysaetos	Generalist	Widespread	10
Golden Vireo	Vireo hypochryseus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	13
Golden-browed Warbler	Basileuterus belli	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	15	Y
Golden-cheeked Warbler	Setophaga chrysoparia	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	19	Y
Golden-cheeked Woodpecker	Melanerpes chrysogenys	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Golden-crowned Emerald	Chlorostilbon auriceps	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Golden-crowned Kinglet	Regulus satrapa	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	8
Golden-crowned Sparrow	Zonotrichia atricapilla	Tundra	US/Canada	9
Golden-crowned Warbler	Basileuterus culicivorus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Golden-fronted Woodpecker	Melanerpes aurifrons	Forest Generalist	Resident	9
Golden-hooded Tanager	Tangara larvata	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Golden-olive Woodpecker	Colaptes rubiginosus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Golden-winged Warbler	Vermivora chrysoptera	E. Temp. Forest	C./S. Am. Highlands	16	Y
Grace’s Warbler	Setophaga graciae	Mx. Pine-Oak	Mx. Highlands	13
Grasshopper Sparrow	Ammodramus savannarum	Grasslands	Widespread	12
Grassland Yellow-Finch	Sicalis luteola	Grasslands	Resident	11
Gray Catbird	Dumetella carolinensis	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	8
Gray Flycatcher	Empidonax wrightii	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	9
Gray Hawk	Buteo plagiatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Pacific Lowlands	8
Gray Jay	Perisoreus canadensis	Boreal Forest	Resident	8
Gray Kingbird	Tyrannus dominicensis	Trop. Dry Forest	Caribbean	12
Gray Silky-flycatcher	Ptiliogonys cinereus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	12
Gray Thrasher	Toxostoma cinereum	Aridlands	Resident	14	Y
Gray Vireo	Vireo vicinior	W. Temp. Forest	SW Aridlands	14	Y
Gray-barred Wren	Campylorhynchus megalopterus	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	16	Y
Gray-breasted Martin	Progne chalybea	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	7
Gray-breasted Wood-Wren	Henicorhina leucophrys	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	14	Y
Gray-breasted Woodpecker	Melanerpes hypopolius	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Gray-cheeked Thrush	Catharus minimus	Boreal Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	9
Gray-chested Dove	Leptotila cassinii	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Gray-collared Becard	Pachyramphus major	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	14	Y
Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch	Leucosticte tephrocotis	Tundra	US/Canada	13
Gray-crowned Woodpecker	Colaptes auricularis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Gray-crowned Yellowthroat	Geothlypis poliocephala	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Gray-headed Chickadee	Poecile cinctus	Boreal Forest	Resident	9
Gray-headed Dove	Leptotila plumbeiceps	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Gray-headed Kite	Leptodon cayanensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Gray-headed Tanager	Eucometis penicillata	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Gray-necked Wood-Rail	Aramides cajaneus	Trop. Evgrn Forest (Wet)	Resident	10
Gray-throated Chat	Granatellus sallaei	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Grayish Saltator	Saltator coerulescens	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	7
Great Antshrike	Taraba major	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Great Black Hawk	Buteogallus urubitinga	Trop. Evgrn Forest (Wet)	Resident	12
Great Black-backed Gull	Larus marinus	Coasts	US/Canada	12
Great Blue Heron	Ardea herodias	Wetlands	Widespread	7
Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo	Coasts	US/Canada	9
Great Crested Flycatcher	Myiarchus crinitus	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	8
Great Curassow	Crax rubra	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	17	Y
Great Egret	Ardea alba	Wetlands	Widespread	7
Great Frigatebird	Fregata minor	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	11
Great Gray Owl	Strix nebulosa	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	11
Great Horned Owl	Bubo virginianus	Generalist	Resident	8
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus	Generalist	Resident	5
Great Potoo	Nyctibius grandis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Great Shearwater	Puffinus gravis	Oceans	Atlantic Ocean	13
Great Skua	Stercorarius skua	Coasts	Atlantic Ocean	15	Y
Great Swallow-tailed Swift	Panyptila sanctihieronymi	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	14	Y
Great Tinamou	Tinamus major	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Great-tailed Grackle	Quiscalus mexicanus	Generalist	Resident	5
Greater Pewee	Contopus pertinax	Mx. Pine-Oak	Mx. Highlands	12
Greater Prairie-Chicken	Tympanuchus cupido	Grasslands	Resident	16	Y
Greater Roadrunner	Geococcyx californianus	Aridlands	Resident	9
Greater Sage-Grouse	Centrocercus urophasianus	Aridlands	Resident	15	Y
Greater Scaup	Aythya marila	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	9
Greater White-fronted Goose	Anser albifrons	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	10
Greater Yellowlegs	Tringa melanoleuca	Boreal Forest (Wet)	Widespread	12
Green Heron	Butorides virescens	Wetlands	Widespread	11
Green Honeycreeper	Chlorophanes spiza	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Green Jay	Cyanocorax yncas	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Green Kingfisher	Chloroceryle americana	Wetlands	Resident	9
Green Parakeet	Psittacara holochlorus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Green Shrike-Vireo	Vireolanius pulchellus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Green Violetear	Colibri thalassinus	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	11
Green-backed Sparrow	Arremonops chloronotus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Green-breasted Mango	Anthracothorax prevostii	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Green-fronted Hummingbird	Amazilia viridifrons	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Green-striped Brush-Finch	Arremon virenticeps	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	17	Y
Green-tailed Towhee	Pipilo chlorurus	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	11
Green-throated Mountain-gem	Lampornis viridipallens	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Green-winged Teal	Anas crecca	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	6
Greenish Elaenia	Myiopagis viridicata	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	11
Groove-billed Ani	Crotophaga sulcirostris	Generalist	Resident	7
Guadalupe Junco	Junco insularis	Aridlands	Resident	19	Y
Guadalupe Murrelet	Synthliboramphus hypoleucus	Coasts	Pacific Coast	19	Y
Gull-billed Tern	Gelochelidon nilotica	Coasts	Widespread coastal	13
Gunnison Sage-Grouse	Centrocercus minimus	Aridlands	Resident	20	Y
Gyrfalcon	Falco rusticolus	Tundra	US/Canada	9
Hairy Woodpecker	Picoides villosus	Forest Generalist	Resident	6
Hammond’s Flycatcher	Empidonax hammondii	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	10
Happy Wren	Pheugopedius felix	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Harlequin Duck	Histrionicus histrionicus	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	11
Harpy Eagle	Harpia harpyja	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Harris’s Hawk	Parabuteo unicinctus	Aridlands	Resident	11
Harris’s Sparrow	Zonotrichia querula	Tundra	US/Canada	13	Y
Heermann’s Gull	Larus heermanni	Coasts	Pacific Coast	16	Y
Henslow’s Sparrow	Ammodramus henslowii	Grasslands	US/Canada	14	Y
Hepatic Tanager	Piranga flava	Mx. Pine-Oak	Mx. Highlands	7
Hermit Thrush	Catharus guttatus	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	6
Hermit Warbler	Setophaga occidentalis	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	11
Herring Gull	Larus argentatus	Coasts	US/Canada	11
Highland Guan	Penelopina nigra	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	18	Y
Hoary Redpoll	Acanthis hornemanni	Tundra	US/Canada	8
Hooded Grosbeak	Coccothraustes abeillei	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	17	Y
Hooded Merganser	Lophodytes cucullatus	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	9
Hooded Oriole	Icterus cucullatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Pacific Lowlands	10
Hooded Warbler	Setophaga citrina	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	10
Hooded Yellowthroat	Geothlypis nelsoni	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	15	Y
Hook-billed Kite	Chondrohierax uncinatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Horned Grebe	Podiceps auritus	Wetlands	US/Canada	13	Y
Horned Guan	Oreophasis derbianus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	20	Y
Horned Lark	Eremophila alpestris	Grasslands	US/Canada	9
Horned Puffin	Fratercula corniculata	Coasts	Pacific Coast	11
House Finch	Haemorhous mexicanus	Generalist	Resident	6
House Wren	Troglodytes aedon	Forest Generalist	US/Canada	5
Hudsonian Godwit	Limosa haemastica	Boreal Forest (Wet)	Southern Cone	14	Y
Hutton’s Vireo	Vireo huttoni	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	9
Iceland Gull	Larus glaucoides	Coasts	US/Canada	12
Imperial Woodpecker	Campephilus imperialis	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	20	Y
Inca Dove	Columbina inca	Aridlands	Resident	8
Indigo Bunting	Passerina cyanea	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	9
Island Scrub-Jay	Aphelocoma insularis	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	16	Y
Ivory Gull	Pagophila eburnea	Coasts	US/Canada	16	Y
Ivory-billed Woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus flavigaster	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	13
Ivory-billed Woodpecker	Campephilus principalis	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	18	Y
Jabiru	Jabiru mycteria	Wetlands	Resident	12
Juniper Titmouse	Baeolophus ridgwayi	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	11
Keel-billed Motmot	Electron carinatum	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	18	Y
Keel-billed Toucan	Ramphastos sulfuratus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Kentucky Warbler	Geothlypis formosa	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	14	Y
Killdeer	Charadrius vociferus	Generalist	Widespread	11
King Eider	Somateria spectabilis	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	13	Y
King Rail	Rallus elegans	Wetlands	US/Canada	15	Y
King Vulture	Sarcoramphus papa	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Kirtland’s Warbler	Setophaga kirtlandii	E. Temp. Forest	Caribbean	16	Y
Kittlitz’s Murrelet	Brachyramphus brevirostris	Coasts	Pacific Coast	16	Y
Ladder-backed Woodpecker	Picoides scalaris	Aridlands	Resident	9
Lapland Longspur	Calcarius lapponicus	Tundra	US/Canada	7
Lark Bunting	Calamospiza melanocorys	Grasslands	Chih. Grassland	12
Lark Sparrow	Chondestes grammacus	Grasslands	Pacific Lowlands	10
Laughing Falcon	Herpetotheres cachinnans	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Laughing Gull	Leucophaeus atricilla	Coasts	Widespread coastal	9
Lawrence’s Goldfinch	Spinus lawrencei	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	14	Y
Laysan Albatross	Phoebastria immutabilis	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	15	Y
Lazuli Bunting	Passerina amoena	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	9
Le Conte’s Sparrow	Ammodramus leconteii	Grasslands	US/Canada	12
Le Conte’s Thrasher	Toxostoma lecontei	Aridlands	Resident	17	Y
Leach’s Storm-Petrel	Oceanodroma leucorhoa	Coasts	Widespread oceans	9
Least Auklet	Aethia pusilla	Coasts	Pacific Coast	13
Least Bittern	Ixobrychus exilis	Wetlands	Widespread	12
Least Flycatcher	Empidonax minimus	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	10
Least Grebe	Tachybaptus dominicus	Wetlands	Resident	10
Least Sandpiper	Calidris minutilla	Boreal Forest (Wet)	Widespread	10
Least Storm-Petrel	Oceanodroma microsoma	Coasts	Pacific Ocean	15	Y
Least Tern	Sternula antillarum	Coasts	Widespread coastal	14	Y
Lesser Black-backed Gull	Larus fuscus	Coasts	US/Canada	9
Lesser Goldfinch	Spinus psaltria	Forest Generalist	Widespread	7
Lesser Greenlet	Hylophilus decurtatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Lesser Ground-Cuckoo	Morococcyx erythropygus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Lesser Nighthawk	Chordeiles acutipennis	Aridlands	Widespread	8
Lesser Prairie-Chicken	Tympanuchus pallidicinctus	Grasslands	Resident	19	Y
Lesser Roadrunner	Geococcyx velox	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	10
Lesser Scaup	Aythya affinis	Boreal Forest (Wet)	Widespread	12
Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift	Panyptila cayennensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture	Cathartes burrovianus	Grasslands	Resident	8
Lesser Yellowlegs	Tringa flavipes	Boreal Forest (Wet)	Widespread	13	Y
Lewis’s Woodpecker	Melanerpes lewis	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	15	Y
Lilac-crowned Parrot	Amazona finschi	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	19	Y
Limpkin	Aramus guarauna	E. Temp. Forest (Wet)	Resident	11
Lincoln’s Sparrow	Melospiza lincolnii	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	9
Lineated Woodpecker	Dryocopus lineatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Little Blue Heron	Egretta caerulea	Wetlands	Widespread	14	Y
Little Gull	Hydrocoloeus minutus	Wetlands	US/Canada	13
Little Tinamou	Crypturellus soui	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Loggerhead Shrike	Lanius ludovicianus	Grasslands	US/Canada	11
Long-billed Curlew	Numenius americanus	Grasslands	Widespread	14	Y
Long-billed Dowitcher	Limnodromus scolopaceus	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread	13
Long-billed Gnatwren	Ramphocaenus melanurus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Long-billed Hermit	Phaethornis longirostris	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Long-billed Starthroat	Heliomaster longirostris	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Long-billed Thrasher	Toxostoma longirostre	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Long-eared Owl	Asio otus	Forest Generalist	US/Canada	13	Y
Long-tailed Duck	Clangula hyemalis	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	12
Long-tailed Jaeger	Stercorarius longicaudus	Tundra	Widespread oceans	9
Long-tailed Manakin	Chiroxiphia linearis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Long-tailed Sabrewing	Campylopterus excellens	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	17	Y
Long-tailed Wood-Partridge	Dendrortyx macroura	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	17	Y
Louisiana Waterthrush	Parkesia motacilla	E. Temp. Forest	Widespread	12
Lovely Cotinga	Cotinga amabilis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	19	Y
Lucifer Hummingbird	Calothorax lucifer	Aridlands	Pacific Lowlands	14	Y
Lucy’s Warbler	Oreothlypis luciae	Aridlands	Pacific Lowlands	12
MacGillivray’s Warbler	Geothlypis tolmiei	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	12
Magnificent Frigatebird	Fregata magnificens	Mangroves	Widespread coastal	15	Y
Magnificent Hummingbird	Eugenes fulgens	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	12
Magnolia Warbler	Setophaga magnolia	Boreal Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	8
Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos	Wetlands	Widespread	7
Mangrove Cuckoo	Coccyzus minor	Mangroves	Resident	14	Y
Mangrove Swallow	Tachycineta albilinea	Mangroves	Resident	11
Mangrove Vireo	Vireo pallens	Mangroves	Resident	14	Y
Manx Shearwater	Puffinus puffinus	Oceans	Atlantic Ocean	13
Marbled Godwit	Limosa fedoa	Wetlands	Widespread coastal	15	Y
Marbled Murrelet	Brachyramphus marmoratus	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Coast	15	Y
Maroon-chested Ground-Dove	Claravis mondetoura	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Maroon-fronted Parrot	Rhynchopsitta terrisi	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	19	Y
Marsh Wren	Cistothorus palustris	Wetlands	US/Canada	7
Masked Booby	Sula dactylatra	Oceans	Widespread coastal	15	Y
Masked Duck	Nomonyx dominicus	Wetlands	Resident	11
Masked Tityra	Tityra semifasciata	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
McCown’s Longspur	Rhynchophanes mccownii	Grasslands	Chih. Grassland	15	Y
McKay’s Bunting	Plectrophenax hyperboreus	Tundra	US/Canada	16	Y
Mealy Parrot	Amazona farinosa	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13	Y
Melodious Blackbird	Dives dives	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	8
Merlin	Falco columbarius	Generalist	Widespread	7
Mew Gull	Larus canus	Wetlands	US/Canada	10
Mexican Chickadee	Poecile sclateri	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	14	Y
Mexican Hermit	Phaethornis mexicanus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Mexican Jay	Aphelocoma wollweberi	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	12
Mexican Parrotlet	Forpus cyanopygius	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Mexican Sheartail	Doricha eliza	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	18	Y
Mexican Whip-poor-will	Antrostomus arizonae	Mx. Pine-Oak	Mx. Highlands	14	Y
Mexican Woodnymph	Thalurania ridgwayi	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	18	Y
Military Macaw	Ara militaris	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	18	Y
Mississippi Kite	Ictinia mississippiensis	E. Temp. Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	11
Montezuma Oropendola	Psarocolius montezuma	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Montezuma Quail	Cyrtonyx montezumae	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	13
Mottled Duck	Anas fulvigula	Wetlands	US/Canada	13
Mottled Owl	Ciccaba virgata	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Mountain Bluebird	Sialia currucoides	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	12
Mountain Chickadee	Poecile gambeli	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	10
Mountain Plover	Charadrius montanus	Grasslands	Chih. Grassland	16	Y
Mountain Quail	Oreortyx pictus	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	12
Mountain Thrush	Turdus plebejus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Mountain Trogon	Trogon mexicanus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
Mourning Dove	Zenaida macroura	Generalist	Widespread	7
Mourning Warbler	Geothlypis philadelphia	Boreal Forest	C./S. Am. Highlands	12
Muscovy Duck	Cairina moschata	Wetlands	Resident	14	Y
Nashville Warbler	Oreothlypis ruficapilla	Boreal Forest	Pacific Lowlands	9
Nava’s Wren	Hylorchilus navai	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	20	Y
Nazca Booby	Sula granti	Oceans	Pacific Coast	13
Nelson’s Sparrow	Ammodramus nelsoni	Wetlands	US/Canada	14	Y
Neotropic Cormorant	Phalacrocorax brasilianus	Wetlands	Widespread	9
Nightingale Wren	Microcerculus philomela	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	18	Y
Northern Barred-Woodcreeper	Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet	Camptostoma imberbe	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	10
Northern Bentbill	Oncostoma cinereigulare	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Northern Bobwhite	Colinus virginianus	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	12
Northern Cardinal	Cardinalis cardinalis	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	5
Northern Flicker	Colaptes auratus	Forest Generalist	Widespread	9
Northern Fulmar	Fulmarus glacialis	Coasts	Widespread oceans	9
Northern Gannet	Morus bassanus	Coasts	US/Canada	9
Northern Goshawk	Accipiter gentilis	Forest Generalist	US/Canada	11
Northern Harrier	Circus cyaneus	Grasslands	Widespread	11
Northern Hawk Owl	Surnia ulula	Boreal Forest	Resident	11
Northern Jacana	Jacana spinosa	Wetlands	Resident	10
Northern Mockingbird	Mimus polyglottos	Generalist	Resident	8
Northern Parula	Setophaga americana	E. Temp. Forest	Caribbean	8
Northern Pintail	Anas acuta	Wetlands	Widespread	11
Northern Potoo	Nyctibius jamaicensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Northern Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium gnoma	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	11
Northern Rough-winged Swallow	Stelgidopteryx serripennis	Generalist	Widespread	9
Northern Saw-whet Owl	Aegolius acadicus	Forest Generalist	US/Canada	8
Northern Schiffornis	Schiffornis veraepacis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Northern Shoveler	Anas clypeata	Wetlands	Widespread	7
Northern Shrike	Lanius excubitor	Tundra	US/Canada	9
Northern Waterthrush	Parkesia noveboracensis	Boreal Forest	Widespread	9
Northern Wheatear	Oenanthe oenanthe	Tundra	Paleotropics	9
Northwestern Crow	Corvus caurinus	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	9
Nuttall’s Woodpecker	Picoides nuttallii	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	11
Nutting’s Flycatcher	Myiarchus nuttingi	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	13
Oak Titmouse	Baeolophus inornatus	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	15	Y
Oaxaca Sparrow	Aimophila notosticta	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Ocellated Quail	Cyrtonyx ocellatus	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	17	Y
Ocellated Thrasher	Toxostoma ocellatum	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	16	Y
Ocellated Turkey	Meleagris ocellata	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	18	Y
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher	Mionectes oleagineus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Olivaceous Woodcreeper	Sittasomus griseicapillus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Olive Sparrow	Arremonops rufivirgatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Olive Warbler	Peucedramus taeniatus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	13
Olive-backed Euphonia	Euphonia gouldi	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Olive-sided Flycatcher	Contopus cooperi	Boreal Forest	C./S. Am. Highlands	13	Y
Olive-throated Parakeet	Eupsittula nana	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Orange Oriole	Icterus auratus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush	Catharus aurantiirostris	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	12
Orange-billed Sparrow	Arremon aurantiirostris	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Orange-breasted Bunting	Passerina leclancherii	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Orange-breasted Falcon	Falco deiroleucus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	17	Y
Orange-chinned Parakeet	Brotogeris jugularis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Orange-crowned Warbler	Oreothlypis celata	W. Temp. Forest	Widespread	9
Orange-fronted Parakeet	Eupsittula canicularis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Orchard Oriole	Icterus spurius	E. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	10
Ornate Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus ornatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Osprey	Pandion haliaetus	Wetlands	Widespread	7
Ovenbird	Seiurus aurocapilla	E. Temp. Forest	Widespread	9
Pacific Golden-Plover	Pluvialis fulva	Tundra (Wet)	Paleotropics	11
Pacific Loon	Gavia pacifica	Tundra (Wet)	Pacific Coast	11
Pacific Parakeet	Psittacara strenuus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Pacific Screech-Owl	Megascops cooperi	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Pacific Wren	Troglodytes pacificus	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	10
Pacific-slope Flycatcher	Empidonax difficilis	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	11
Painted Bunting	Passerina ciris	E. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	11
Painted Redstart	Myioborus pictus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	13
Pale-billed Woodpecker	Campephilus guatemalensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Pale-vented Pigeon	Patagioenas cayennensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Palm Warbler	Setophaga palmarum	Boreal Forest (Wet)	Caribbean	11
Paltry Tyrannulet	Zimmerius vilissimus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Parakeet Auklet	Aethia psittacula	Coasts	Pacific Coast	12
Parasitic Jaeger	Stercorarius parasiticus	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread oceans	9
Parkinson’s Petrel	Procellaria parkinsoni	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	19	Y
Passerini’s Tanager	Ramphocelus passerinii	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Pectoral Sandpiper	Calidris melanotos	Tundra (Wet)	S. Am. Lowlands	13	Y
Pelagic Cormorant	Phalacrocorax pelagicus	Coasts	Pacific Coast	13
Peregrine Falcon	Falco peregrinus	Generalist	Widespread	10
Phainopepla	Phainopepla nitens	Aridlands	Resident	10
Pheasant Cuckoo	Dromococcyx phasianellus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Philadelphia Vireo	Vireo philadelphicus	Boreal Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	10
Pied-billed Grebe	Podilymbus podiceps	Wetlands	Widespread	10
Pigeon Guillemot	Cepphus columba	Coasts	Pacific Coast	13
Pileated Flycatcher	Xenotriccus mexicanus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Pileated Woodpecker	Dryocopus pileatus	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	7
Pine Flycatcher	Empidonax affinis	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	13
Pine Grosbeak	Pinicola enucleator	Boreal Forest	Resident	10
Pine Siskin	Spinus pinus	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	10
Pine Warbler	Setophaga pinus	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	7
Pink-footed Shearwater	Puffinus creatopus	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	16	Y
Pink-headed Warbler	Cardellina versicolor	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	20	Y
Pinnated Bittern	Botaurus pinnatus	Wetlands	Resident	10
Pinyon Jay	Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	14	Y
Piping Plover	Charadrius melodus	Coasts	Widespread coastal	15	Y
Piratic Flycatcher	Legatus leucophaius	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Plain Antvireo	Dysithamnus mentalis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Plain Chachalaca	Ortalis vetula	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Plain Wren	Cantorchilus modestus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	13
Plain Xenops	Xenops minutus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Plain-breasted Ground-Dove	Columbina minuta	Grasslands	Resident	7
Plain-capped Starthroat	Heliomaster constantii	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Plumbeous Kite	Ictinia plumbea	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Plumbeous Vireo	Vireo plumbeus	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	13
Pomarine Jaeger	Stercorarius pomarinus	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread oceans	10
Prairie Falcon	Falco mexicanus	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	10
Prairie Warbler	Setophaga discolor	E. Temp. Forest	Caribbean	13	Y
Prevost’s Ground-Sparrow	Melozone biarcuata	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Prothonotary Warbler	Protonotaria citrea	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	14	Y
Purple Finch	Haemorhous purpureus	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	9
Purple Gallinule	Porphyrio martinicus	Wetlands	Widespread	12
Purple Martin	Progne subis	Generalist	S. Am. Lowlands	9
Purple Sandpiper	Calidris maritima	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	12
Purple-crowned Fairy	Heliothryx barroti	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Purplish-backed Jay	Cyanocorax beecheii	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Pygmy Nuthatch	Sitta pygmaea	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	12
Pyrrhuloxia	Cardinalis sinuatus	Aridlands	Resident	12
Razorbill	Alca torda	Coasts	US/Canada	12
Red Crossbill	Loxia curvirostra	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	8
Red Knot	Calidris canutus	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread coastal	12
Red Phalarope	Phalaropus fulicarius	Tundra (Wet)	Pacific Ocean	11
Red Warbler	Cardellina rubra	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	15	Y
Red-bellied Woodpecker	Melanerpes carolinus	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	7
Red-billed Pigeon	Patagioenas flavirostris	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Red-billed Tropicbird	Phaethon aethereus	Oceans	Widespread oceans	17	Y
Red-breasted Chat	Granatellus venustus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Red-breasted Merganser	Mergus serrator	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	8
Red-breasted Nuthatch	Sitta canadensis	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	6
Red-breasted Sapsucker	Sphyrapicus ruber	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	11
Red-capped Manakin	Ceratopipra mentalis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Red-cockaded Woodpecker	Picoides borealis	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	18	Y
Red-crowned Ant-Tanager	Habia rubica	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	11
Red-crowned Parrot	Amazona viridigenalis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	20	Y
Red-eyed Vireo	Vireo olivaceus	E. Temp. Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	6
Red-faced Cormorant	Phalacrocorax urile	Coasts	Pacific Coast	15	Y
Red-faced Warbler	Cardellina rubrifrons	Mx. Pine-Oak	Mx. Highlands	13
Red-footed Booby	Sula sula	Oceans	Widespread oceans	12
Red-headed Tanager	Piranga erythrocephala	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	16	Y
Red-headed Woodpecker	Melanerpes erythrocephalus	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	13	Y
Red-legged Honeycreeper	Cyanerpes cyaneus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Red-legged Kittiwake	Rissa brevirostris	Coasts	US/Canada	16	Y
Red-lored Parrot	Amazona autumnalis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Red-naped Sapsucker	Sphyrapicus nuchalis	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	9
Red-necked Grebe	Podiceps grisegena	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	11
Red-necked Phalarope	Phalaropus lobatus	Tundra (Wet)	Pacific Ocean	12
Red-shouldered Hawk	Buteo lineatus	E. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	8
Red-tailed Hawk	Buteo jamaicensis	Generalist	Widespread	6
Red-tailed Tropicbird	Phaethon rubricauda	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	14	Y
Red-throated Ant-Tanager	Habia fuscicauda	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Red-throated Caracara	Ibycter americanus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Red-throated Loon	Gavia stellata	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	13
Red-throated Pipit	Anthus cervinus	Tundra	Paleotropics	10
Red-winged Blackbird	Agelaius phoeniceus	Generalist	US/Canada	8
Reddish Egret	Egretta rufescens	Mangroves	Widespread coastal	15	Y
Redhead	Aythya americana	Wetlands	US/Canada	10
Resplendent Quetzal	Pharomachrus mocinno	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	19	Y
Rhinoceros Auklet	Cerorhinca monocerata	Coasts	Pacific Coast	12
Ridgway’s Rail	Rallus obsoletus	Coasts	Resident	18	Y
Ring-billed Gull	Larus delawarensis	Wetlands	US/Canada	6
Ring-necked Duck	Aythya collaris	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	8
Ringed Kingfisher	Megaceryle torquata	Wetlands	Resident	8
Roadside Hawk	Rupornis magnirostris	Generalist	Resident	7
Rock Ptarmigan	Lagopus muta	Tundra	Resident	9
Rock Sandpiper	Calidris ptilocnemis	Tundra (Wet)	Pacific Coast	13
Rock Wren	Salpinctes obsoletus	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	11
Rose-bellied Bunting	Passerina rositae	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	19	Y
Rose-breasted Grosbeak	Pheucticus ludovicianus	E. Temp. Forest	Widespread	11
Rose-throated Becard	Pachyramphus aglaiae	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Rose-throated Tanager	Piranga roseogularis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Roseate Spoonbill	Platalea ajaja	Mangroves	Widespread	9
Roseate Tern	Sterna dougallii	Coasts	Widespread oceans	16	Y
Ross’s Goose	Chen rossii	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	10
Ross’s Gull	Rhodostethia rosea	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	15	Y
Rosy Thrush-Tanager	Rhodinocichla rosea	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Rough-legged Hawk	Buteo lagopus	Tundra	US/Canada	9
Royal Flycatcher	Onychorhynchus coronatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Royal Tern	Thalasseus maximus	Coasts	Widespread coastal	12
Ruby-crowned Kinglet	Regulus calendula	Boreal Forest	Widespread	6
Ruby-throated Hummingbird	Archilochus colubris	E. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	8
Ruddy Crake	Laterallus ruber	Wetlands	Resident	13
Ruddy Duck	Oxyura jamaicensis	Wetlands	Widespread	8
Ruddy Foliage-gleaner	Clibanornis rubiginosus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	14	Y
Ruddy Ground-Dove	Columbina talpacoti	Generalist	Resident	5
Ruddy Quail-Dove	Geotrygon montana	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Ruddy Turnstone	Arenaria interpres	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread coastal	11
Ruddy Woodcreeper	Dendrocincla homochroa	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Ruddy-breasted Seedeater	Sporophila minuta	Grasslands	Resident	10
Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush	Catharus frantzii	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher	Terenotriccus erythrurus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Ruffed Grouse	Bonasa umbellus	Boreal Forest	Resident	8
Rufous Hummingbird	Selasphorus rufus	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	14	Y
Rufous Mourner	Rhytipterna holerythra	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Rufous Piha	Lipaugus unirufus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Rufous Sabrewing	Campylopterus rufus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	18	Y
Rufous-and-white Wren	Thryophilus rufalbus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Rufous-backed Robin	Turdus rufopalliatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	10
Rufous-bellied Chachalaca	Ortalis wagleri	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Rufous-breasted Spinetail	Synallaxis erythrothorax	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Rufous-browed Peppershrike	Cyclarhis gujanensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	8
Rufous-browed Wren	Troglodytes rufociliatus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Rufous-capped Brush-Finch	Atlapetes pileatus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	13
Rufous-capped Warbler	Basileuterus rufifrons	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	13
Rufous-collared Robin	Turdus rufitorques	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Rufous-collared Sparrow	Zonotrichia capensis	Generalist	Resident	5
Rufous-crowned Sparrow	Aimophila ruficeps	Aridlands	Resident	11
Rufous-naped Wren	Campylorhynchus rufinucha	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	13
Rufous-necked Wood-Rail	Aramides axillaris	Mangroves	Resident	15	Y
Rufous-tailed Hummingbird	Amazilia tzacatl	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Rufous-tailed Jacamar	Galbula ruficauda	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Rufous-winged Sparrow	Peucaea carpalis	Aridlands	Resident	15	Y
Russet Antshrike	Thamnistes anabatinus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Russet Nightingale-Thrush	Catharus occidentalis	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
Russet-crowned Motmot	Momotus mexicanus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Rusty Blackbird	Euphagus carolinus	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	12
Rusty Sparrow	Aimophila rufescens	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	10
Rusty-crowned Ground-Sparrow	Melozone kieneri	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	13
Sabine’s Gull	Xema sabini	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread oceans	11
Sage Thrasher	Oreoscoptes montanus	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	11
Sagebrush Sparrow	Artemisiospiza nevadensis	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	12
Saltmarsh Sparrow	Ammodramus caudacutus	Coasts	US/Canada	19	Y
San Blas Jay	Cyanocorax sanblasianus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Sanderling	Calidris alba	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread coastal	11
Sandhill Crane	Grus canadensis	Wetlands	Widespread	9
Sandwich Tern	Thalasseus sandvicensis	Coasts	Widespread coastal	11
Savannah Sparrow	Passerculus sandwichensis	Grasslands	US/Canada	8
Say’s Phoebe	Sayornis saya	Generalist	SW Aridlands	9
Scaled Antpitta	Grallaria guatimalensis	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	15	Y
Scaled Pigeon	Patagioenas speciosa	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Scaled Quail	Callipepla squamata	Aridlands	Resident	12
Scaly-breasted Hummingbird	Phaeochroa cuvierii	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner	Anabacerthia variegaticeps	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Scaly-throated Leaftosser	Sclerurus guatemalensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Scarlet Macaw	Ara macao	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Scarlet Tanager	Piranga olivacea	E. Temp. Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	11
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher	Tyrannus forficatus	Grasslands	Pacific Lowlands	11
Scott’s Oriole	Icterus parisorum	Mx. Pine-Oak	Mx. Highlands	13
Scripps’s Murrelet	Synthliboramphus scrippsi	Coasts	Pacific Coast	18	Y
Scrub Euphonia	Euphonia affinis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Seaside Sparrow	Ammodramus maritimus	Coasts	Resident	14	Y
Sedge Wren	Cistothorus platensis	Grasslands	US/Canada	7
Semipalmated Plover	Charadrius semipalmatus	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread coastal	10
Semipalmated Sandpiper	Calidris pusilla	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread coastal	14	Y
Sepia-capped Flycatcher	Leptopogon amaurocephalus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13	Y
Sharp-shinned Hawk	Accipiter striatus	Forest Generalist	Widespread	7
Sharp-tailed Grouse	Tympanuchus phasianellus	Grasslands	Resident	10
Shining Honeycreeper	Cyanerpes lucidus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	17	Y
Shiny Cowbird	Molothrus bonariensis	Generalist	Resident	6
Short-billed Dowitcher	Limnodromus griseus	Boreal Forest (Wet)	Widespread coastal	14	Y
Short-billed Pigeon	Patagioenas nigrirostris	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Short-crested Coquette	Lophornis brachylophus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	19	Y
Short-eared Owl	Asio flammeus	Tundra	US/Canada	12
Short-tailed Albatross	Phoebastria albatrus	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	15	Y
Short-tailed Hawk	Buteo brachyurus	Generalist	Resident	10
Short-tailed Nighthawk	Lurocalis semitorquatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Short-tailed Shearwater	Puffinus tenuirostris	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	11
Sierra Madre Sparrow	Xenospiza baileyi	Grasslands	Resident	20	Y
Sinaloa Crow	Corvus sinaloae	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	11
Sinaloa Martin	Progne sinaloae	Mx. Pine-Oak	Unknown	17	Y
Sinaloa Wren	Thryophilus sinaloa	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	13
Singing Quail	Dactylortyx thoracicus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	15	Y
Slate-colored Solitaire	Myadestes unicolor	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher	Poecilotriccus sylvia	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Slate-throated Redstart	Myioborus miniatus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	11
Slaty Antwren	Myrmotherula schisticolor	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Slaty Finch	Haplospiza rustica	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Slaty Vireo	Vireo brevipennis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Slaty-backed Gull	Larus schistisagus	Coasts	Pacific Coast	12
Slaty-breasted Tinamou	Crypturellus boucardi	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Slaty-tailed Trogon	Trogon massena	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Slender Sheartail	Doricha enicura	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Smith’s Longspur	Calcarius pictus	Tundra	US/Canada	13
Smoky-brown Woodpecker	Picoides fumigatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani	Generalist	Resident	8
Snail Kite	Rostrhamus sociabilis	Wetlands	Resident	9
Snow Bunting	Plectrophenax nivalis	Tundra	US/Canada	8
Snow Goose	Chen caerulescens	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	9
Snowy Egret	Egretta thula	Wetlands	Widespread	8
Snowy Owl	Bubo scandiacus	Tundra	US/Canada	13	Y
Snowy Plover	Charadrius nivosus	Coasts	Widespread	15	Y
Social Flycatcher	Myiozetetes similis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	5
Socorro Dove	Zenaida graysoni	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	20	Y
Socorro Mockingbird	Mimus graysoni	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	20	Y
Socorro Wren	Troglodytes sissonii	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	16	Y
Solitary Eagle	Buteogallus solitarius	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	17	Y
Solitary Sandpiper	Tringa solitaria	Boreal Forest (Wet)	S. Am. Lowlands	12
Song Sparrow	Melospiza melodia	Generalist	US/Canada	8
Sooty Grouse	Dendragapus fuliginosus	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	14	Y
Sooty Shearwater	Puffinus griseus	Oceans	Widespread oceans	12
Sooty Tern	Onychoprion fuscatus	Coasts	Widespread oceans	12
Sora	Porzana carolina	Wetlands	Widespread	10
South Polar Skua	Stercorarius maccormicki	Coasts	Widespread oceans	12
Sparkling-tailed Hummingbird	Tilmatura dupontii	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	16	Y
Speckled Mourner	Laniocera rufescens	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	17	Y
Spectacled Eider	Somateria fischeri	Tundra (Wet)	Pacific Coast	18	Y
Spectacled Owl	Pulsatrix perspicillata	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Spot-breasted Oriole	Icterus pectoralis	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Spot-breasted Wren	Pheugopedius maculipectus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Spot-crowned Woodcreeper	Lepidocolaptes affinis	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Spot-tailed Nightjar	Hydropsalis maculicaudus	Grasslands	Resident	11
Spotted Nightingale-Thrush	Catharus dryas	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	15	Y
Spotted Owl	Strix occidentalis	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	15	Y
Spotted Rail	Pardirallus maculatus	Wetlands	Resident	13
Spotted Sandpiper	Actitis macularius	Wetlands	Widespread	9
Spotted Towhee	Pipilo maculatus	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	8
Spotted Wood-Quail	Odontophorus guttatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Spotted Woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus erythropygius	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	15	Y
Spotted Wren	Campylorhynchus gularis	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
Sprague’s Pipit	Anthus spragueii	Grasslands	Chih. Grassland	14	Y
Spruce Grouse	Falcipennis canadensis	Boreal Forest	Resident	7
Squirrel Cuckoo	Piaya cayana	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Steller’s Eider	Polysticta stelleri	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	18	Y
Steller’s Jay	Cyanocitta stelleri	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	11
Stilt Sandpiper	Calidris himantopus	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread	12
Streak-backed Oriole	Icterus pustulatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	10
Streak-headed Woodcreeper	Lepidocolaptes souleyetii	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Streaked Flycatcher	Myiodynastes maculatus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Strickland’s Woodpecker	Picoides stricklandi	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	17	Y
Stripe-headed Sparrow	Peucaea ruficauda	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	11
Stripe-tailed Hummingbird	Eupherusa eximia	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	15	Y
Stripe-throated Hermit	Phaethornis striigularis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Striped Cuckoo	Tapera naevia	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	8
Striped Owl	Pseudoscops clamator	Grasslands	Resident	10
Striped Sparrow	Oriturus superciliosus	Grasslands	Resident	13
Strong-billed Woodcreeper	Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	14	Y
Stub-tailed Spadebill	Platyrinchus cancrominus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Stygian Owl	Asio stygius	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	13
Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher	Myiodynastes luteiventris	Mx. Pine-Oak	S. Am. Lowlands	11
Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher	Myiobius sulphureipygius	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	16	Y
Sumichrast’s Wren	Hylorchilus sumichrasti	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	19	Y
Summer Tanager	Piranga rubra	E. Temp. Forest	Widespread	9
Sunbittern	Eurypyga helias	Trop. Evgrn Forest (Wet)	Resident	12
Sungrebe	Heliornis fulica	Trop. Evgrn Forest (Wet)	Resident	10
Surf Scoter	Melanitta perspicillata	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	14	Y
Surfbird	Calidris virgata	Tundra (Wet)	Pacific Coast	13
Swainson’s Hawk	Buteo swainsoni	Grasslands	S. Am. Lowlands	12
Swainson’s Thrush	Catharus ustulatus	Boreal Forest	C./S. Am. Highlands	10
Swainson’s Warbler	Limnothlypis swainsonii	E. Temp. Forest	Caribbean	13
Swallow-tailed Kite	Elanoides forficatus	E. Temp. Forest	Widespread	12
Swamp Sparrow	Melospiza georgiana	Wetlands	US/Canada	6
Tamaulipas Crow	Corvus imparatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Tamaulipas Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium sanchezi	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	18	Y
Tawny-collared Nightjar	Antrostomus salvini	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Tawny-crowned Greenlet	Hylophilus ochraceiceps	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Tawny-throated Leaftosser	Sclerurus mexicanus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Tawny-winged Woodcreeper	Dendrocincla anabatina	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Tennessee Warbler	Oreothlypis peregrina	Boreal Forest	Widespread	9
Thayer’s Gull	Larus thayeri	Coasts	US/Canada	13
Thick-billed Kingbird	Tyrannus crassirostris	Trop. Dry Forest	Pacific Lowlands	12
Thick-billed Murre	Uria lomvia	Coasts	US/Canada	10
Thick-billed Parrot	Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	20	Y
Thick-billed Seed-Finch	Sporophila funerea	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Thicket Tinamou	Crypturellus cinnamomeus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Tody Motmot	Hylomanes momotula	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	17	Y
Townsend’s Shearwater	Puffinus auricularis	Oceans	Pacific Coast	19	Y
Townsend’s Solitaire	Myadestes townsendi	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	10
Townsend’s Warbler	Setophaga townsendi	W. Temp. Forest	Mx. Highlands	10
Transvolcanic Jay	Aphelocoma ultramarina	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
Tree Swallow	Tachycineta bicolor	Generalist	Widespread	10
Tricolored Blackbird	Agelaius tricolor	Wetlands	US/Canada	18	Y
Tricolored Heron	Egretta tricolor	Wetlands	Widespread	11
Tropical Gnatcatcher	Polioptila plumbea	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus	Generalist	Resident	4
Tropical Mockingbird	Mimus gilvus	Generalist	Resident	8
Tropical Parula	Setophaga pitiayumi	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	10
Tropical Pewee	Contopus cinereus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	7
Trumpeter Swan	Cygnus buccinator	Wetlands	US/Canada	13
Tufted Flycatcher	Mitrephanes phaeocercus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	13
Tufted Jay	Cyanocorax dickeyi	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	18	Y
Tufted Puffin	Fratercula cirrhata	Coasts	Pacific Coast	11
Tufted Titmouse	Baeolophus bicolor	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	7
Tundra Swan	Cygnus columbianus	Tundra (Wet)	US/Canada	10
Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura	Generalist	Widespread	5
Turquoise-browed Motmot	Eumomota superciliosa	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Tuxtla Quail-Dove	Zentrygon carrikeri	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	20	Y
Unicolored Jay	Aphelocoma unicolor	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
Uniform Crake	Amaurolimnas concolor	Trop. Evgrn Forest (Wet)	Resident	16	Y
Unspotted Saw-whet Owl	Aegolius ridgwayi	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	20	Y
Upland Sandpiper	Bartramia longicauda	Grasslands	Southern Cone	10
Variable Seedeater	Sporophila corvina	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Varied Bunting	Passerina versicolor	Trop. Dry Forest	Pacific Lowlands	13
Varied Thrush	Ixoreus naevius	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	12
Vaux’s Swift	Chaetura vauxi	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	13
Veery	Catharus fuscescens	E. Temp. Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	12
Verdin	Auriparus flaviceps	Aridlands	Resident	12
Vermiculated Screech-Owl	Megascops guatemalae	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Vermilion Flycatcher	Pyrocephalus rubinus	Trop. Dry Forest	Pacific Lowlands	5
Vesper Sparrow	Pooecetes gramineus	Grasslands	Chih. Grassland	11
Violet Sabrewing	Campylopterus hemileucurus	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	15	Y
Violet-crowned Hummingbird	Amazilia violiceps	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	10
Violet-green Swallow	Tachycineta thalassina	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	9
Virginia Rail	Rallus limicola	Wetlands	Widespread	9
Virginia’s Warbler	Oreothlypis virginiae	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	14	Y
Wandering Tattler	Tringa incana	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread coastal	12
Warbling Vireo	Vireo gilvus	E. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	9
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper	Glyphorynchus spirurus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel	Oceanodroma tethys	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	14	Y
Wedge-tailed Sabrewing	Campylopterus curvipennis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Wedge-tailed Shearwater	Puffinus pacificus	Oceans	Pacific Ocean	12
West Mexican Chachalaca	Ortalis poliocephala	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Western Bluebird	Sialia mexicana	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	9
Western Grebe	Aechmophorus occidentalis	Wetlands	US/Canada	13
Western Gull	Larus occidentalis	Coasts	Pacific Coast	13
Western Kingbird	Tyrannus verticalis	Grasslands	Pacific Lowlands	9
Western Meadowlark	Sturnella neglecta	Grasslands	Chih. Grassland	10
Western Sandpiper	Calidris mauri	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread	13
Western Screech-Owl	Megascops kennicottii	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	12
Western Scrub-Jay	Aphelocoma californica	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	9
Western Tanager	Piranga ludoviciana	W. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	9
Western Wood-Pewee	Contopus sordidulus	W. Temp. Forest	C./S. Am. Highlands	11
Whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus	Tundra (Wet)	Widespread coastal	12
Whiskered Auklet	Aethia pygmaea	Coasts	Pacific Coast	15	Y
Whiskered Screech-Owl	Megascops trichopsis	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
White Hawk	Pseudastur albicollis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
White Ibis	Eudocimus albus	Wetlands	Widespread	11
White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	Tundra	Paleotropics	7
White-bellied Chachalaca	Ortalis leucogastra	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
White-bellied Emerald	Amazilia candida	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
White-bellied Wren	Uropsila leucogastra	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
White-breasted Nuthatch	Sitta carolinensis	E. Temp. Forest	Resident	6
White-breasted Wood-Wren	Henicorhina leucosticta	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
White-collared Manakin	Manacus candei	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
White-collared Seedeater	Sporophila torqueola	Generalist	Resident	6
White-collared Swift	Streptoprocne zonaris	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
White-crowned Parrot	Pionus senilis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
White-crowned Pigeon	Patagioenas leucocephala	Mangroves	Resident	14	Y
White-crowned Sparrow	Zonotrichia leucophrys	Tundra	US/Canada	8
White-eared Ground-Sparrow	Melozone leucotis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	17	Y
White-eared Hummingbird	Hylocharis leucotis	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	11
White-eyed Vireo	Vireo griseus	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	8
White-faced Ibis	Plegadis chihi	Wetlands	Widespread	8
White-faced Quail-Dove	Zentrygon albifacies	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
White-fronted Parrot	Amazona albifrons	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	13
White-fronted Swift	Cypseloides storeri	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	15	Y
White-headed Woodpecker	Picoides albolarvatus	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	12
White-lored Gnatcatcher	Polioptila albiloris	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
White-naped Brush-Finch	Atlapetes albinucha	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	16	Y
White-naped Swift	Streptoprocne semicollaris	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	14	Y
White-necked Jacobin	Florisuga mellivora	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
White-necked Puffbird	Notharchus hyperrhynchus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
White-rumped Sandpiper	Calidris fuscicollis	Tundra (Wet)	Southern Cone	13
White-striped Woodcreeper	Lepidocolaptes leucogaster	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	15	Y
White-tailed Hawk	Geranoaetus albicaudatus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	10
White-tailed Hummingbird	Eupherusa poliocerca	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	18	Y
White-tailed Kite	Elanus leucurus	Generalist	Resident	10
White-tailed Ptarmigan	Lagopus leucura	Tundra	Resident	11
White-throated Flycatcher	Empidonax albigularis	Mx. Pine-Oak	Resident	13
White-throated Jay	Cyanolyca mirabilis	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	18	Y
White-throated Magpie-Jay	Calocitta formosa	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
White-throated Sparrow	Zonotrichia albicollis	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	9
White-throated Swift	Aeronautes saxatalis	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	11
White-throated Thrush	Turdus assimilis	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	13
White-throated Towhee	Melozone albicollis	Aridlands	Resident	13
White-tipped Dove	Leptotila verreauxi	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	8
White-vented Euphonia	Euphonia minuta	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	11
White-whiskered Puffbird	Malacoptila panamensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
White-winged Becard	Pachyramphus polychopterus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
White-winged Crossbill	Loxia leucoptera	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	7
White-winged Dove	Zenaida asiatica	Aridlands	SW Aridlands	8
White-winged Scoter	Melanitta fusca	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	13	Y
White-winged Tanager	Piranga leucoptera	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	14	Y
Whooping Crane	Grus americana	Boreal Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	16	Y
Wild Turkey	Meleagris gallopavo	Forest Generalist	Resident	7
Willet	Tringa semipalmata	Wetlands	Widespread coastal	14	Y
Williamson’s Sapsucker	Sphyrapicus thyroideus	W. Temp. Forest	US/Canada	12
Willow Flycatcher	Empidonax traillii	E. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	11
Willow Ptarmigan	Lagopus lagopus	Tundra	Resident	8
Wilson’s Phalarope	Phalaropus tricolor	Wetlands	Southern Cone	12
Wilson’s Plover	Charadrius wilsonia	Coasts	Widespread coastal	16	Y
Wilson’s Snipe	Gallinago delicata	Wetlands	Widespread	10
Wilson’s Storm-Petrel	Oceanites oceanicus	Oceans	Widespread oceans	9
Wilson’s Warbler	Cardellina pusilla	Boreal Forest	Widespread	10
Wine-throated Hummingbird	Atthis ellioti	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Winter Wren	Troglodytes hiemalis	Boreal Forest	US/Canada	8
Wood Duck	Aix sponsa	E. Temp. Forest (Wet)	US/Canada	8
Wood Stork	Mycteria americana	E. Temp. Forest (Wet)	Widespread	13
Wood Thrush	Hylocichla mustelina	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	14	Y
Worm-eating Warbler	Helmitheros vermivorum	E. Temp. Forest	Caribbean	12
Worthen’s Sparrow	Spizella wortheni	Grasslands	Resident	20	Y
Wrentit	Chamaea fasciata	Aridlands	Resident	14	Y
Xantus’s Hummingbird	Hylocharis xantusii	Aridlands	Resident	15	Y
Yellow Grosbeak	Pheucticus chrysopeplus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Yellow Rail	Coturnicops noveboracensis	Wetlands	US/Canada	16	Y
Yellow Warbler	Setophaga petechia	E. Temp. Forest	Widespread	8
Yellow-backed Oriole	Icterus chrysater	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	13
Yellow-bellied Elaenia	Elaenia flavogaster	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	7
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher	Empidonax flaviventris	Boreal Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	9
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker	Sphyrapicus varius	E. Temp. Forest	Widespread	7
Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet	Ornithion semiflavum	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Yellow-billed Cacique	Amblycercus holosericeus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Yellow-billed Cuckoo	Coccyzus americanus	E. Temp. Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	12
Yellow-billed Loon	Gavia adamsii	Tundra (Wet)	Pacific Coast	16	Y
Yellow-billed Magpie	Pica nuttalli	W. Temp. Forest	Resident	16	Y
Yellow-breasted Chat	Icteria virens	E. Temp. Forest	Pacific Lowlands	10
Yellow-breasted Crake	Porzana flaviventer	Wetlands	Resident	15	Y
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron	Nyctanassa violacea	Wetlands	Widespread	12
Yellow-eyed Junco	Junco phaeonotus	Mx. Highld Forest	Resident	11
Yellow-faced Grassquit	Tiaris olivaceus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Yellow-footed Gull	Larus livens	Coasts	Pacific Coast	16	Y
Yellow-green Vireo	Vireo flavoviridis	Trop. Dry Forest	S. Am. Lowlands	11
Yellow-headed Blackbird	Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus	Wetlands	Widespread	9
Yellow-headed Parrot	Amazona oratrix	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	20	Y
Yellow-lored Parrot	Amazona xantholora	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Yellow-naped Parrot	Amazona auropalliata	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	19	Y
Yellow-olive Flycatcher	Tolmomyias sulphurescens	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	9
Yellow-rumped Warbler	Setophaga coronata	Boreal Forest	Widespread	6
Yellow-tailed Oriole	Icterus mesomelas	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Yellow-throated Euphonia	Euphonia hirundinacea	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	12
Yellow-throated Vireo	Vireo flavifrons	E. Temp. Forest	Gulf-Carib. Lowlands	9
Yellow-throated Warbler	Setophaga dominica	E. Temp. Forest	Caribbean	10
Yellow-winged Cacique	Cassiculus melanicterus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	14	Y
Yellow-winged Tanager	Thraupis abbas	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	10
Yellowish Flycatcher	Empidonax flavescens	Trop. Cloud Forest	Resident	17	Y
Yucatan Flycatcher	Myiarchus yucatanensis	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Yucatan Jay	Cyanocorax yucatanicus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Yucatan Nightjar	Antrostomus badius	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	14	Y
Yucatan Poorwill	Nyctiphrynus yucatanicus	Trop. Evgrn Forest	Resident	15	Y
Yucatan Vireo	Vireo magister	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	18	Y
Yucatan Woodpecker	Melanerpes pygmaeus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	15	Y
Yucatan Wren	Campylorhynchus yucatanicus	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	17	Y
Zenaida Dove	Zenaida aurita	Trop. Dry Forest	Resident	12
Zone-tailed Hawk	Buteo albonotatus	Mx. Pine-Oak	Widespread	10